Principle

In Seismic Refraction Wave method, seismic waves are generated at the surface, and their refracted waves are recorded as they travel through different underground rock layers. This method takes advantage of the differences in the propagation speed of seismic waves in various media, and by analyzing the arrival times and paths of the waves, it constructs a velocity model of the underground rock layers, thereby helping to understand the subsurface structure. 

Applications

1.Rock competence for engineering applications

2.Depth to Bedrock

3.Groundwater exploration

4.Correction of lateral, near-surface, variations in seismic reflection surveys

5.Crustal structure and tectonics